Search results for "Silver chloride"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Silver based sensors from CD for chloride ions detection
2021
This preliminary work shows a new and innovative way to produce silver based electrodes from compact discs and its application towards the detection of chloride ions. A complete sensor was obtained from the compact discs with working, reference and counter electrode made of silver. Chloride ions were detected by exploiting the high affinity of silver with this anion to produce silver chloride. This electrochemical oxidation of silver can be monitored by using an electrochemical technique such as linear scan voltammetry. Indeed, during linear scan voltammetry the oxidation of silver to silver chloride lead to a peak current that increases linearly with chloride concentration. Using this tech…
Flow spectrophotometric determination of ammonium ion
1999
Abstract A flow procedure is proposed for the determination of ammonium ion. The sample in basic medium is forced through a solid-phase reactor containing immobilized AgCl on polymeric pearl beads. The released Ag + , complexed with the ammonia, gives a blue ternary complex with the aid of bromopyrogallol red and 1,10-phenanthroline which is spectrophotometrically monitored at 636 nm. The calibration graph is linear over the range 1–20 μg ml −1 ammonium ion, detection limit ( s / n = 3) 0.35 μg ml −1 and relative standard deviation (slope) 1.9 % ( n = 7). The sample throughput is 48 h −1 . The influence of foreign compounds is studied and the procedure is applied to ammonium ion determi…
Use of thermal ionization isotope dilution mass spectrometry (TI-IDMS) as an oligo-element method for the determination of photographically relevant …
1998
Thermal ionization isotope dilution mass spectrometry (TI-IDMS) was used as an oligo-element method for the determination of Cr, Cd and Pb in photographic AgCl emulsions. After addition of an appropriate amount of isotopically enriched spikes (53Cr, 116Cd and 206Pb) to the solid samples, the latter were completely dissolved in NH3 solution, permitting isotopic exchange to take place. Thereafter, AgCl was selectively removed by precipitation, whereby ultrasonic treatment was used to enhance the recovery of the elements of interest. Despite the use of concentrated HNO3 and H2O2 during further sample processing, preliminary experiments indicated the presence of a substantial remainder of the o…
SERS activity of photoreduced silver chloride crystals
2019
Metal nanoparticles are widely acclaimed as plasmonic substrates for surface -enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) due to their unique particle plasmon resonances at visible and near infrared regions. Silver nanoparticles are typically employed in SERS when the targeted Raman signature zone of analytes lies at ultra-violet and/or blue to green spectral regimes. Even though silver has strong plasmonic properties, silver-based substrates are often affected by the atmospheric oxidation and show degradation in their SERS performance. One way to overcome this limitation is to use silver chloride crystals as oxidation resistant intermediate and photoreduce them to 'fresh' silver just before SERS an…
An experimental analysis of thick-film solid-state reference electrodes
2012
Thick-Film planar solid-state Silver/Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrodes were developed and tested for ion susceptibility and long term drift in approximately 0.04 M potassium chloride (KCl) solution. Various types of electrodes were tested exhibiting stabilities down to 2 millivolts per decade change of chloride concentration. It is demonstrated that Thick-Film reference electrodes are suitable for use in underground soil measurements due to their ruggedness and robustness.
The Antimicrobial Action of Silver Halides in Calcium Phosphate
2014
Silver halides represent a yet unexplored avenue for imparting antimicrobial activity to calcium phosphates. Negtively charged silver halide colloids (AgI, AgBr and AgCl) were added to synthesized amorphous calcium phosphate. Concurrent melting of silver halides and crystallization to carbonated apatite at 700 oC increased the silver halide surface area available to bacteria and formed a lower solubility apatite. The effect of the matrix solubility on antimicrobial response could then be investigated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to silver iodide and silver bromide than Staphylococcus aureus. Silver iodide demonstrated greater activity than silver bromide. Silver chloride did n…
Ligands affecting silver antimicrobial efficacy on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica
2013
Although silver is being extensively used in food or other applications as the key component to control microbial proliferation, many factors affecting its real potential are still unknown. In the present work, the presence of specific ligands or the contents in organic matter was correlated with silver speciation and its antibacterial performance. Silver was found to be only active in form of free silver ions (FSI). The presence of chloride ions produced an equilibrium of stable silver chloride complexes which were void of antimicrobial efficacy. However, even at relatively high concentrations of chlorides, a small fraction of FSI may still be present, producing a bactericidal effect with …